Portal:Azerbaijan

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The Azerbaijan Portal

A view of Baku, Azerbaijan

Azerbaijan, officially the Republic of Azerbaijan, is a transcontinental country located at the boundary of Eastern Europe and West Asia. It is a part of the South Caucasus region and is bounded by the Caspian Sea to the east, Russia's republic of Dagestan to the north, Georgia to the northwest, Armenia and Turkey to the west, and Iran to the south. Baku is the capital and largest city.

The territory of what is now Azerbaijan was first ruled by Caucasian Albania and later various Persian empires. Until the 19th century, it remained part of Qajar Iran, but the Russo-Persian wars of 1804–1813 and 1826–1828 forced the Qajar Empire to cede its Caucasian territories to the Russian Empire; the treaties of Gulistan in 1813 and Turkmenchay in 1828 defined the border between Russia and Iran. The region north of the Aras was part of Iran until it was conquered by Russia in the 19th century, where it was administered as part of the Caucasus Viceroyalty.

Azerbaijan is a unitary semi-presidential republic. It is one of six independent Turkic states and an active member of the Organization of Turkic States and the TÜRKSOY community. Azerbaijan has diplomatic relations with 182 countries and holds membership in 38 international organizations, including the United Nations, the Council of Europe, the Non-Aligned Movement, the OSCE, and the NATO PfP program. It is one of the founding members of GUAM, the CIS, and the OPCW. Azerbaijan is also an observer state of the WTO. (Full article...)

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Silver dirham of Shavur ibn Fadl, National Museum of History of Azerbaijan

Abu'l-Aswar or Abu'l-Asvar Shavur ibn Fadl ibn Muhammad ibn Shaddad was a member of the Shaddadid dynasty. Between 1049 and 1067 he was the eighth Shaddadid ruler of Arran (today in western Azerbaijan) from Ganja. Prior to that, he ruled the city of Dvin (in what is now Armenia and northeastern Turkey) from 1022 as an autonomous lord. A capable warrior, and a wise and cunning ruler, Abu'l-Aswar was engaged in several conflicts with most of his neighbours. During his rule over Dvin, he was mostly involved in the affairs of the Armenian principalities. He collaborated with the Byzantine Empire in its conquest of the last remnants of Bagratid Armenia in 1045, but when the Byzantines later turned on him, he survived three successive offensives that sought to take Ganja. In 1049, a revolt in Ganja overthrew his infant great-great-nephew, Anushirvan. The rebels invited him to take up the family's emirate, and he moved from Dvin to Ganja. Under his rule, the Shaddadid dynasty reached its zenith. He undertook successful campaigns into Georgia and Shirvan, although the limits of Shaddadid power were exposed by his failure to take over the Emirate of Tiflis and by devastating raids by the Alans. At the same time, his reign witnessed the rapid rise of the Seljuk Empire and the extension of its control over the Transcaucasian principalities. Abu'l-Aswar became a Seljuk vassal in 1054/5. Although he gained control over the former Armenian capital of Ani through Seljuk patronage in 1065, this association also paved the way for the dynasty's decline after his death in November 1067. (Full article...)

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Did you know (auto-generated)

... that the adoption of the Declaration of Independence of Azerbaijan made the Azerbaijan Democratic Republic the first successful republic in the Muslim world?
... that a 14th-century work, originally attributed to another poet, was discovered in 2018 to be the creation of the Azerbaijani poet Yusuf Meddah?
... that with the help of Turkish and Azerbaijani agents, Muslims in Armenia revolted in 1919–1920 and massacred over 10,000 Armenians?
... that the Nakhichevan uezd was home to more than 54,000 Armenians until they perished through the events of 1918–1920 as a result of the Russian Revolution?
... that Azerbaijan has been a member of the Council of Europe, an organization promoting human rights, for more than twenty years, despite holding political prisoners and rigging elections?
... that scholarly study of the poetry of Kishvari, one of the most important Azerbaijani poets of the 15th and 16th centuries, only started in 1928?

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More Did you know

... that the historical Bibi-Heybat Mosque near Baku, Azerbaijan, destroyed in 1934 as result of the Soviet anti-religious campaign, was reopened in 1997 at the same location after the country gained independence?

... that celebrated Azerbaijani activist of the French Resistance Ahmadiyya Jabrayilov was persecuted by the NKVD upon his return to the USSR?

...that in the early 1990s, Surat Huseynov successfully led a military coup d'état in Azerbaijan to become the Prime Minister?

More did you know facts

General images

The following are images from various Azerbaijan-related articles on Wikipedia.

Image 1Azerbaijani deputies to the 1907 Second Russian State Duma. Seated left is Fatali Khan Khoyski; seated right is Khalil Khasmammadov. (from History of Azerbaijan)
Image 2Momine Khatun Mausoleum in Nakhchivan (from History of Azerbaijan)
Image 3The Maiden Tower, in Baku's Old City (from Culture of Azerbaijan)
Image 4The Achaemenid empire at its greatest extent (from History of Azerbaijan)
Image 5Battle-scene miniature in the Palace of Shaki Khans (from History of Azerbaijan)
Image 6Azerbaijan map of Köppen climate classification zones (from Geography of Azerbaijan)
Image 7Goytepe site (from History of Azerbaijan)
Image 8Pottery from Kul-Tepe I (from History of Azerbaijan)
Image 9"Hounds and Jackals" game (from History of Azerbaijan)
Image 10Ilham Aliyev in Munich in 2010 (from History of Azerbaijan)
Image 11Roman inscription in Qobustan (from History of Azerbaijan)
Image 12Cut pomegranate (from Culture of Azerbaijan)
Image 13Mammad Amin Rasulzade, a founder and spokesperson of the Azerbaijan Democratic Republic in 1918, was widely regarded as Azerbaijan's national leader. (from History of Azerbaijan)
Image 14Early caliphates:
  Muhammad, 622–632

  Rashidun Caliphate, 632–661

  Umayyad Caliphate, 661–750
(from History of Azerbaijan)
Image 15Iran around 1900 (from History of Azerbaijan)
Image 161996 Azerbaijani postage stamp commemorating Novruz (from Culture of Azerbaijan)
Image 17Sasanid silver plate from Shamakhi District (Azerbaijan State Museum of History) (from History of Azerbaijan)
Image 18Ateshgah of Baku, a Hindu and Zoroastrian temple (from Culture of Azerbaijan)
Image 19Salt bag circa 1880, Karabakh (from Culture of Azerbaijan)
Image 20Petroglyphs in Gobustan National Park date back to 10000 BC. (from Culture of Azerbaijan)
Image 2119th-century Gasimushaghi carpet from Şəlvə, Lachin (from Culture of Azerbaijan)
Image 22The Caucasus after the Treaty of Gulistan, in which Persia ceded most of its northern khanates to Russia after the first Russo-Persian war (from History of Azerbaijan)
Image 231748 maps of Shirvan, the Caucasus and Persia (from History of Azerbaijan)
Image 24Heydar Aliyev during a 1997 Pentagon visit (from History of Azerbaijan)
Image 25Soviet postage stamp commemorating Azerbaijani musical instruments (from Culture of Azerbaijan)
Image 26Qajar-style painting of mullahs with the shah (from History of Azerbaijan)
Image 27Gobustan rock art (from History of Azerbaijan)
Image 28Transcaucasia in the early 19th century (from History of Azerbaijan)
Image 29Side view of the Church of Kish (from Culture of Azerbaijan)
Image 30Shah Abbas I of Safavid at a banquet. Detail from a ceiling fresco, Chehel Sotoun palace, Isfahan. (from History of Azerbaijan)
Image 31Carpet based on Nizami Ganjavi's 12th-century Layla and Majnun (from Culture of Azerbaijan)
Image 32Shah Abbas I at a banquet (from Culture of Azerbaijan)
Image 33Baku's first film studio during the early 1920s (from Culture of Azerbaijan)
Image 34Ismail I's empire (from History of Azerbaijan)
Image 35Oil derricks in Balaxanı around 1890 (from History of Azerbaijan)
Image 3615th-century Shirvanshah mausoleum in Baku (from History of Azerbaijan)
Image 37Arabic inscriptions on the surviving Gate of Ganja (from Culture of Azerbaijan)
Image 38Late-19th-century rug market in Ganja (from Culture of Azerbaijan)
Image 39Topographic map of Azerbaijan (from Geography of Azerbaijan)

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